Pattern –(으)ㄴ/는 바람에: because of, as a result

–()/ 바람에 can be translated as “because of, as a result.” Usually, the phrase before 바람에 indicates an ‘unexpected event’ that leads to a negative effect in the following clause.

Examples

제가 탄 비행기가 한 시간 연착하는 바람에 기차를 놓쳤어요. Because my plane was one hour late, I missed the train.
날씨가 나쁜 바람에 제가 탄 항공기 운항이 취소되었어요. Because the weather was bad, my flight was cancelled.
활주로가 복잡한 바람에 착륙 시간이 45분 정도 연기됩니다. Because the runway is crowded, our arrival time will be delayed by 45min.

Reference: Yeon, J., & Brown, L. (2011). Korean: A Comprehensive Grammar: Routledge.

The Airport & Traveling by Plane

Learn some vocabulary about the airport, flying, and all the steps in between! The words in the list below are often heard during boarding announcements at the airport, onboard the plane, and can be seen on airline websites. If you 

공항 airport
비행기/항공기 airplane
항공사 airline
출발 departure
도착 arrival
연기되다 to be delayed
KE101편 Korean Air Flight 101
세관 customs
작성하다 fill in[out] (questionnaire)
출국심사 departure (passport) check
짐, 수하물 baggage
이륙 takeoff
착륙 [창뉵] landing
활주로 runway
탑승권 [탑씅꿘] boarding pass
탑승구 [탑씅구] boarding gate
환승 transit
야간 비행 an overnight flight
직항 항공편 [지캉] direct flight
국내 [궁내] domestic, interior
국내 비행 서비스 domestic flight service
국제 [국쩨] international
국제선 international lines
해외로 여행하다 travel abroad
비행기표 plane ticket
예매 advance purchase
대한항공 Korean Air
승객 passenger
승무원 flight attendant
마일리지 적립 [정닙] mileage accumulation
사전 좌석 배정 advance seat assignment
기내에서 on the plane/during flight
기내 오락 in-flight entertainment
기내식 in-flight meal
일등석 [일뜽] first class
일반석 economy class

Examples

비행이 45분 정도 연기되었습니다. The flight was delayed 45 minutes.
착륙 후에 출국심사를 무사히 통과했어요. After landing I went through Passport Control without incident.
OZ 200편 항공기가 현재 8번 게이트에서 탑승을 실시하고 있습니다. Flight OZ 200 is now boarding at Gate 8.

Review this lesson

Review the flashcards for this lesson! Click on the buttons or use the keyboard to review the cards. Once you get a card right five times, the card is moved to the known cards stack, and a new card will be added to your working cards stack. Try to learn them all!

Pattern –는 길(에): on the way to

() can be translated as “on the way toand is used with a verb indicating movement to/from a destination.

뉴욕에서 오는 길이에요. I’m on my way from New York.
공항에 가는 길에 여권을 잃어버렸어요. I lost my passport on my way to the airport.
공항에서 돌아오는 길에 케이크 샀어요. I bought a cake on the way back from the airport.

Reference: Yeon, J., & Brown, L. (2011). Korean: A Comprehensive Grammar: Routledge.

Pattern (을/를) 통해(서): through, by way of

(을/를) 통해(서) / (을/를) 통하여(서) can be translated as “through, by way of” and is used with nouns to indicate “sources of information” such as persons, institutions, activities, etc.

텔레비전을 통해서 한국 문화에 대해 많이 배우게 됐어요. I ended up learning a lot about Korean culture through television.
친구를 통해서 민주의 소식을 들었어요. I got news of Minjoo through a friend.
친구를 통해 민지에게 편지를 보냈어요. I sent a letter to Minji through a friend.
성공은 근면을 통해서만 얻을 수 있다 You can only achieve success through hard work.

Reference: King, R., Yeon, J., & Lee, I. (2015). Continuing Korean (Second ed.): Tuttle Publishing.

Ending –거든(요): it’s because, you see

거든() can be translated as “it’s because, you see.” It follows a verb and, in this form, is always ending a sentence (another pattern exists with 거든 in the middle of a sentence, with a different meaning). It is commonly used to add information to what was previously said, provide justification for one’s actions, or referring to something that was said in the past.

A: 왜 늦게 왔어?
B: 할 숙제 많았거든.
A: Why did you arrive late?

B: Because I had a lot of homework left.
프랑스에 가려고 해요. 프랑스어를 배우고 싶거든요. I will go to France. I want to learn French, you see.
한식말고 양식 먹을까? 매운 음식 되게 싫거든. Can we have Western food instead of Korean food? I really don’t like spicy food, you see.

Reference: Yeon, J., & Brown, L. (2011). Korean: A Comprehensive Grammar: Routledge.

Book Review: Continuing Korean, Second Edition

Cover of Continuing Korean, Second Edition

Continuing Korean, Second Edition by Ross King, Jaehoon Yeon, and Insun Lee is a great textbook for upper beginner/lower intermediate learners of the Korean language. The book is composed of 12 lessons that walk readers through one or two dialogues and a reading passage, vocabulary relevant to the readings, and various grammar points.

The good points about this book:
– The progression in difficulty is very gradual, so it is hard to feel lost or overwhelmed if the lessons are studied in the right order.
– The book comes with an audio CD containing all the spoken dialogues, words and phrases, making the book a great investment for autodidacts.
– For the most part, the dialogues are relatable, making it easier to understand the context of use of specific words.
– The grammar points are well redacted and easy to understand.

Book Review - Korean: A Comprehensive Grammar

Cover of Korean: A Comprehensive Grammar

Korean: A Comprehensive Grammar by Jaehoon Yeon and Lucien Brown is one of the most useful, if not the only, comprehensive Korean grammar books available in English. The book starts with a very complete refresher on honorifics and the complex pronunciation rules of the Korean language. The rest of the book has one chapter per class of words in the Korean language. The structure of the book goes as follow:

Academics - University Topics

This lesson introduces words to talk about university subjects, the different university degrees, and some examples using these words together in a sentence.

You can review this lesson using these flashcards, and you can also download a PDF of this lesson to take it to go.

Subjects (과목)

수학 mathematics
물리학 physics
화학 chemistry
생물학 biology
과학 science
공학 engineering
컴퓨터 공학 computer science
정보과학 informatics
경제학 economics
정치학 politics
역사학 history
문학 literature
경영학 business administration
언어학 linguistics
법학 law

Verbs

졸업하다 to graduate
학위를 받다 receive a degree
박사과정을 밟다 [밥따] to study for a PhD degree
취직하다/취업하다 to get/find a job
…(을/를) 전공하다 to major in
…(을/를) 부전공하다 to minor in

University

대학(교) university
(수학) 학위 a degree (in mathematics)
학위 소지자 person with an academic degree
학사 학위 bachelor’s degree
석사 학위 master’s degree
박사 학위 doctorate
(박사) 과정 course of study (Ph.D. program)
대학생 university/college student
교환 학생 exchange student
문학과 department of literature
학부 undergraduate studies (college)
대학원 graduate school

Examples

그는 역사학 학사 학위 소지자예요. He is a holder of a Bachelor’s in history.
그는 역사학 석사 학위를 가지고 있어요. He has a Master’s in history.
그는 인디애나 대학을 졸업했어요. He graduated from Indiana University.
취업 준비 중이에요. I’m looking for a job.
Study Sheets

Review this lesson

Review the flashcards for this lesson! Click on the buttons or use the keyboard to review the cards. Once you get a card right five times, the card is moved to the known cards stack, and a new card will be added to your working cards stack. Try to learn them all!

Particle: Usage of –에

Common usages of the particle

1. Movement towards a location or goal

내일 파리 가요. I am going to Paris tomorrow.
핸드폰 이메일을 저장했어요. I saved the email on my phone.

2. Location in space and time

컴퓨터가 침대 밑 있어요. The computer is under the bed.
두 시간 안 답장을 쓸거에요. I will write an answer in two hours.

3. ‘for’ for quantity and price

신상(품)은 세 개 이천 원이에요. The new products are 2,000 won for three.

4. Common expressions

–에 대해(서) (보기: 인터넷에 대해서) About (e.g., about the Internet)
–에 의해(서) (보기: 날씨에 의해) Due to, owing to (e.g., due to the weather)
–에 의하면 (보기:소문에 의하면) According to (e.g., according to the rumors)
–에 따라(서) (보기: 법에 따라) Following (e.g., if the law is followed)
–에 따르면 (보기: 웹사이트에 따르면) According to (e.g., according to the website)
–에 관해(서) (보기: 할인에 관해) Regarding (e.g., regarding the discount)
–[이/가/은/는] [눈/귀/손] 익다 To be familiar with

More Examples of –에

이 노래 대해서 검색하고 있어요. I’m doing a search about this song.
그 목소리는 왠지 귀 익어요. That voice sounds familiar somehow.
의한 사망률이 증가하고 있어요. The death rate from cancer is rising.
그 일 관해서는 아무 것도 몰라요. I know nothing about the matter.
 

References

Using the Internet in Korean

Always wondered how to use Korean websites? While some technology-related words are borrowed from English, a lot of words are proper to Korean, and are sometimes hard to find in dictionary. This lesson includes common Internet nouns and verbs to help you use the Internet.

You can review this lesson using these flashcards, and you can also download a PDF of this lesson to take it to go.

Basics

확인(하다) (to) confirm
취소(하다) (to) cancel
로그인 login
회원가입 registration
계정 account

Communication

초대 invitation
게시판 message board
채팅방 chatroom
답장 answer
대화 conversation

Online Music and Video

음악 music
노래/가요 song
가수 singer
최신곡 latest songs
국내 domesting
해외 overseas
동영상 video
듣기 listen
다운(로드) download
구독 subscription
인기 [인끼] popularity
재생목록 [–몽녹] playlist

Online Shopping

장바구니 shopping basket
할인 discount
특가 special price
무료 free
구매/구입 purchase, buying
판매하다 to sell, deal in
신상품 new products
인기상품 popular products
신용카드 credit card
배송 delivery

Actions

보내다 to send
접속하다 to access
검색하다 to search
설정하다 to set up
지우다 to erase
삭제하다 to delete
수정하다 to edit/to amend
복사하다 to copy
소통하다 to communicate
가입하다 join, become a member of
저장하다 to save (computer)
이용하다 to use
공유하다 to share
선택하다 to select, choose

Other Words

알림 notification
댓글 comment (Internet)
정보 information
즐겨찾기 bookmark (Internet)
추천 recommendation
제안 proposal, suggestion
설치 install
혜택 benefit
제목 title
전체 the whole

Services

이메일 email
지도 map
번역 translation
사전 dictionary
사진 picture
앨범 album
위치 location
뉴스 news
날씨 weather

Review this lesson

Review the flashcards for this lesson! Click on the buttons or use the keyboard to review the cards. Once you get a card right five times, the card is moved to the known cards stack, and a new card will be added to your working cards stack. Try to learn them all!