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Public Transportation in Korea (Vocabulary)
Public transportation is omnipresent in Korea and is faster than driving in most cases. This post gives you an overview of public transportation-related vocabulary that you may encounter and use in South Korea.
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교통수단 (交通手段) |
transportation means |
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노선도 (路線圖) |
route map |
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목적지 (目的地) |
one’s destination |
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실시간 (實時間) |
real time |
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2[이]번 출구 (出口) Buses in South KoreaTip. Toggle romanization if you cannot read Korean characters:
There are two major categories of buses in South Korea: 시내버스 (市內버스) or intra-city buses, and 시외버스 (市外버스) or intercity buses. 시내버스 include 마을버스, 지선버스, and some 간선버스 lines, while 시외버스 include some 간선버스 lines, 광역버스, and 고속버스. 마을버스 are neighborhood buses (literally "village buses") that stop every few blocks in both residential and commercial areas. In Seoul, many of these buses run in a loop, with one or two stops connecting to subway stations. Their routes are the shortest among city buses. Walking is sometimes faster than taking a 마을버스, especially during rush hours, as these buses rarely take bus lanes. In Seoul, these buses are green and shorter than regular buses. Pattern V-더니 Past Observation of the SpeakerV-더니 is used to describe an observation of the speaker about people or things, or a change that came to be known through personal experience, and always precedes a statement resulting from that observation. A good example in English/Korean of how this pattern would be used: "my friend used to eat a lot of ice cream before더니 these days he even hates the sight of ice cream." V-더니 can therefore only be used in the middle of a sentence and can never end a sentence. Hanja 火 (화) - Fire, AngerTip. Change the font size of Korean text for easier reading:
한자 (pronounced [한짜]) are the Chinese characters behind many Korean words used in modern Korean. Being aware of them helps with guessing word meanings and retention of new vocabulary. 火 (화) as a character has two main English meanings, fire and anger, and is used in many words related to these concepts. When 火 is used by itself as a word, it almost always means anger. 火 as a radical that appears in many other 한자, such as 炎 (염, flame) or 災 (재, disaster). Below are some common words including the character 火. Differences between -던 and -았/었던 (retrospective modifiers)The retrospective modifier V/Adj-던 (e.g., 하던) and its past version V/Adj-았/었던 (했던) are both used to describe processes, states, or situations that happened/took place in the past. In a lot of cases, V/Adj-던 and V/Adj-았/었던 are very similar. The subtle differences manifest if the speaker chooses intentionally between one or the other. V/Adj-던 describes a situation that was not finished in the past and interrupted before completion; or an action that was repeated continuously in the past or was done just once but may happen again. TOPIK II Reading - Vocabulary QuestionsEach TOPIK II (한국어능력시험 중-고급) reading section has two questions (questions 3 and 4) that will ask you to replace the underlined text by a similar expression. While it may seem like a hard task, knowing the expressions that came out in previous tests will help a lot as they tend to come out regularly. Learning their equivalence should help you answer this question correctly. Buying Korean 라면 (Ramyeon, or Ramen noodles) on Amazon USAmazon is a great place to buy Korean food, but finding Korean noodles, or ramyeon, on it can be a little daunting. This post lists some of the best Korean ramen (라면) products to buy on Amazon, such as Shin Ramyun (신라면) or Buldalk Bokkum Myeon (불닭볶음면). Quick Links
라면 - Ramyeon (Ramen) NoodlesRamyeon noodles are a must-have staple in any Korean pantry. Ramyeon noodles on Amazon tend to ship in large boxes of 10 to 20 bags or cups, so check the quantity twice before ordering. A rule of thumb: a 5-pack Korean ramen at Korean grocery stores usually retails between $6-$9; premium ramen such as Shin Black (신라면 블랙), or flavored Buldak Bokkum Myeon (불닭볶음면) usually command higher prices (from 1.5x to 2x for Shin Black). See the end of this post for more tips about ordering Korean ramen on Amazon. TOPIK Expression List for Writing - Advanced (한국어능력시험 쓰기 - 고급)The list below includes some of the key expressions to know when taking the written part of the TOPIK Exam and aiming for levels 5 and 6. **This table is still under construction** Grammar Patterns
The Routledge Course in Business Korean
The Routledge Course in Business Korean (비즈니스 한국어) by Young-Key Kim-Renaud and Miok Pak introduces the reader to the necessary vocabulary, grammar, and cultural knowledge to navigate the complex world of doing business in South Korea. The book is structured in 15 units and 3 business cases. Each unit starts with a dialogue about a specific business situation, such as a job interview or a business trip. The dialogue is then followed by a convenient vocabulary list that includes the new words introduced by the dialogue, along with their hanja reading and their English translation (note: romanization is not provided). New grammar patterns used in the dialogue are also discussed; the grammar points in this book are rather advanced and I think most suitable for upper intermediate to advanced learners of Korean. Units end with a reading passage, its associated vocabulary, and exercises to practice the vocabulary and grammar introduced in the unit. The three business cases included consist of longer reading passages with the corresponding vocabulary. Pattern V–아/어 보다: to try to VThe common pattern V-아/어 보다, meaning "to try to V," is used with a conjugated verb and is more frequent in conversations. See the sentences below for examples. Formation
Sentence Examples혹시 재고가 있는지 확인해 보고 오겠습니다. I will (try to) confirm (≈ I will check) if we have it in stock and come back.
착용해 보고 싶은 것이 있으신가요? Is there anything you want to try on (≈ try to wear)?
32사이즈 입어 봐도 될까요? Can I try (to wear) the one in size 32?
부산에 가 봤어요? Have you ever been to Busan? (≈ Have you tried to go to Busan?)
부산에 가 보셨어요? Have you ever been to Busan? (semi-polite with honorifics)
부산에 가 보셨습니까? Have you ever been to Busan? (polite with honorifics)
Notes
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